Kronevald (Kroneval’d), Nikolai Nikolaevich

Although he was born in the Russian city of Astrakhan, Nikolai Nikolaevich Kronevald lived in Kazan for most of his life. Very little is known about Kronevald’s personal life, and information concerning the artist's career is scarce. However, one published source indicates that his family was of German descent. Kronevald worked for the Tatar State Publishing House where he specialized in graphic art. In 1936, Kronevald was arrested for depicting a "fascist swastika" on a design he created. The following year, he was convicted and sent to prison by the Special Board of the Main Court of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. According to one published source, Kronevald served a three-year term while another source claims he spent five to ten years in prison.